| 翻訳と辞書 |
| John Wedderburn of Ballendean ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
John Wedderburn of Ballendean
Sir John Wedderburn of Ballendean, 6th Baronet of Blackness (1729–1803) was a Scottish landowner who made a fortune in the West Indian sugar trade. Born into a family of impoverished Perthshire gentry, his father was executed for treason following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, and the young Wedderburn was forced to flee to the West Indies, where he eventually became the largest landowner in Jamaica. In 1769 he returned to Scotland with a slave, one Joseph Knight, who, inspired by Somersett's Case in England, in which the English courts had held that slavery did not exist under English law, brought suit against Wedderburn for his freedom. Knight won his claim, establishing the principle that Scots law would not uphold the institution of slavery. Wedderburn ended his days as a wealthy country gentleman, having restored his family fortune and recovered the title Baronet of Blackness.
==Early life==
John Wedderburn was born in Scotland on 21 February 1729 〔(Wedderburn biographical details at www.stanford.edu ) Retrieved June 2012〕 the son of Sir John Wedderburn, 5th Baronet of Blackness, a Perthshire gentleman who had fallen on hard times. Sir John Wedderburn's expectations of an inheritance were not fulfilled and he raised his nine children in "a small farm with a thatched house and a clay floor, which he occupied with great industry, and thereby made a laborious but starving shift to support nine children who used to run about in the fields barefoot".〔
In 1745 Sir John joined the rebellion of Charles Edward Stuart against the Hanoverian crown,〔 serving as a colonel in the Jacobite army before being captured at the Battle of Culloden and hauled off to London to face trial and execution.〔 He was indicted for treason at St Margaret's Hill, Southwark on 4 November 1746, and was found guilty, despite arguing in his defence that he had not personally taken up arms against the Crown, and was executed at Kennington Common on 28 November 1746.〔(Cobbett, William, p.429 ''Cobbett's Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings, Volume 18'' ) Retrieved June 2012〕
The young Wedderburn made his way to London to plead with such friends as his family still had for his father's rescue and pardon. His mission failed, and he was to witness his father's execution as a traitor by hanging, drawing and quartering, after which he was forced to return to Scotland where he found himself cut off from his inheritance and, without prospects, obliged to take ship to the New World. In Glasgow he found a ship's captain prepared to let him work his passage on a ship bound for the Caribbean.〔Oliver, p.326〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「John Wedderburn of Ballendean」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|